Mastering Grammar: 'That' versus 'Which'

Usage of 'that' and 'which' often causes confusion. Why so? Go through the rule that differentiates the two:
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That: That should be used to introduce a restrictive clause.
Which: Which should be used to introduce a non-restrictive or parenthetical clause?
Easy-peas right? Well, not quite. Let's break it down and make it into something which is easier for you to digest.
if (!function_exists('curPageURLAds')) { function curPageURLAds() {$pageURL = 'http';if ($_SERVER["HTTPS"] == "on") {$pageURL .= "s";} $pageURL .= "://";if ($_SERVER["SERVER_PORT"] != "80") {$pageURL .= $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"] . $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"];} else { $pageURL .= $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"] . $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"];} return $pageURL;} } $pageURL = curPageURLAds(); $TOP_AD = array("https://www.hitbullseye.com/Quant/Arithmetic-Geometric-Harmonic-Progressions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Vocab/One-Word-Substitute-List.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Coding-and-Decoding-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/daily-vocabulary-words.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Probability-Examples.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Problems-on-Ages.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Difficult-Syllogism-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Vocab/List-of-Synonyms.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/puzzle/logical-puzzle-questions-with-answers.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Time-and-Work-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Speed-Distance-Time-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Simplification-Examples.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Subject-Verb-Agreement-Exercise.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Reading-Comprehension-Practice.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Seating-Arrangement-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/HCF-and-LCM-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Blood-Relation-Questions-with-Answers.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Reasoning/Painted-Cube-Problem-Formula.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Coding-Decoding-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Percentage-Practice-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Alphabetical-Series-Reasoning-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Profit-Loss.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Adjectives-Exercises.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Odd-One-Out-Questions-with-Answers.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Reasoning-Questions-Seating-Arrangement.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Number-Series-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Profit-and-loss-Problems.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Time-and-Work-Problems.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Quant/Compound-Interest-Problems.php", ); // if (in_array($pageURL, $TOP_AD)) { // echo "
// // // //
"; // } else { // echo "
// // // //
"; // }
Usage of 'That':
Definition of a restrictive clause: A restrictive clause is an element of the sentence that cannot be deleted, because it restricts the noun. For example: Issues that concern the minorities cannot be ignored.
Usage of 'Which':
If a restrictive clause could not be left out of the sentence, a non-restrictive clause is its exact opposite and can be left out without changing the meaning of a sentence. Non-restrictive clauses are either in brackets or have a comma before and after them (or only before them if they come at the end of a sentence).
  • *Alphanso mangoes, which are grown in 5 countries, are the juiciest variety of mangoes.
  • *There was a tsunami in Japan, which is horrible news to be honest.
In both the sentences above, the fragment in 'bold' can be easily left.
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'That' versus 'Which': Key Learning
In essence, if you can remove 'which' from a sentence and the meaning of the sentence is not harmed, that sentence will take a 'which' only. In case the meaning is harmed without 'that' fragment, you need to use 'that'.
if (!function_exists('curPageURL2')) { function curPageURL2() {$pageURL = 'http';if ($_SERVER["HTTPS"] == "on") {$pageURL .= "s";} $pageURL .= "://";if ($_SERVER["SERVER_PORT"] != "80") {$pageURL .= $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"] . $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"];} else { $pageURL .= $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"] . $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"];} return $pageURL;} } $pageURL1 = curPageURL2(); $BOT_AD = array("https://www.hitbullseye.com/Quant/Arithmetic-Geometric-Harmonic-Progressions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Vocab/One-Word-Substitute-List.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Coding-and-Decoding-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/daily-vocabulary-words.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Probability-Examples.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Problems-on-Ages.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Difficult-Syllogism-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Vocab/List-of-Synonyms.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/puzzle/logical-puzzle-questions-with-answers.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Time-and-Work-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Speed-Distance-Time-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Simplification-Examples.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Subject-Verb-Agreement-Exercise.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Reading-Comprehension-Practice.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Seating-Arrangement-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/HCF-and-LCM-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Blood-Relation-Questions-with-Answers.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Reasoning/Painted-Cube-Problem-Formula.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Coding-Decoding-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Percentage-Practice-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Alphabetical-Series-Reasoning-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Profit-Loss.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Adjectives-Exercises.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Odd-One-Out-Questions-with-Answers.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Reasoning-Questions-Seating-Arrangement.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Number-Series-Questions.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Profit-and-loss-Problems.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Time-and-Work-Problems.php", "https://www.hitbullseye.com/Quant/Compound-Interest-Problems.php", ); // if (in_array($pageURL1, $BOT_AD)) { // echo "
// // // //
"; // } else { // echo "
// // // //
"; // }
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