Type 6. Problems on Speed, Time and Distance: Usually, problems in this subheading cover finding one of the values, when the other two are provided. The important thing to note in such problems is that the units of all three quantities used are the same, i.e. if speed in km/hr, then distance will have to be in km and time in hours.
Illustration 9: What is the distance covered by a car traveling at a speed of 40 kmph in 15 minutes?
Sol: 40 x 15/60 = 10 km. The important point to note is that time given was in minutes, whereas the speed was in kmph. Therefore, either speed will have to be expressed as km/min or time will have to be expressed in hours to apply the relationship.
In this case we converted time into hours to get the answer. Conversely, converting speed into km/min, we get 40 kmph = 40/60 km/min = 2/3 km/min. Therefore, distance traveled = 15 x 2/3 = 10 km.
Illustration 10:Traveling at a speed of 50 kmph, how long is it going to take to travel 60 km?
Sol: Time = Distance ÷ Speed → 60/50 = 1.2 hours = 1 hour and 12 minutes.
Note: While converting decimal hours into minutes, these are to be multiplied with 60 and not by hundred.
Illustration 11: Walking 5/6th of his usual speed, Mike reached his destination 10 minutes late. Find his usual time, and the time taken on this occasion?
Sol: Let his usual speed be x km/hr and his usual time be t hours. His time on this occasion is 5/6x , The time taken is (t + 10/60) hours.
Since the distance travelled on both occasions is the same, xt = 5x/6 x (t + 10/60) .
Solving for t, we get t = 5/6 hours = 50 minutes, and the time taken on this occasion = 50 + 10 = 60 minutes.
Illustration 12: If the distance traveled by Mike be 60 km, then what was his usual speed and what was the speed on this occasion?
Sol: Usual time taken = 50 minutes = 5/6 hours. The distance = 60 km. Usual Speed = Distance ÷ Usual Time → 60/(5/6) = 72 kmph.
Speed on this occasion = Distance ÷ Time on this occasion = 60/1 = 60 kmph.
The ratio between the usual speed to the speed on this occasion = 72/60 = 6/5
The ratio of the usual time taken to the time taken on this occasion = 50min/60min = 5/6 .
Note: In general, speed and time have an inverse relationship. Therefore, if the speed becomes, say 0.5 times the original speed, then the time taken becomes twice as much as taken originally for the same distance. Or if the ratio of the speed of two moving objects is in the ratio of 3:4, the time taken by them to cover identical distance will be in the ratio of 4:3.
Relative Speed and Trains: Relative speed is basically defined as the speed of one object with respect to the other.
Illustration 13: A train traveling at 60 kmph crosses a man in 6 seconds. What is the length of the train?
Sol: Speed in m/sec = 60 x 5/18 = 50/3 m/sec. Time taken to cross the man = 6 seconds. Therefore, distance traveled = 50/3 x 6 = 100 m = length of the train.
Illustration 14: A train traveling at 60 kmph crosses another train traveling in the same direction at 24 kmph in 30 seconds. What is the combined length of both the trains?
Sol: As both the trains are moving in the same direction, the relative speed of the faster train is 60 – 24 = 36 kmph. The relative speed in m/sec = 36 x 5/18 = 10 m/sec. Time taken = 30 sec.
Therefore, distance traveled = 10 × 30 = 300 m = Combined length of two trains.
- When two objects are moving in the same direction, then their relative speed is the difference between the two speeds.
- When two objects are moving in the opposite direction, then their relative speed is the sum of the two speeds. Problems in this section will involve finding the distance of a train:
- When it crosses a stationary man / lamp post / sign post / pole - in all these cases the object which the train crosses is stationary - and the distance traveled is the length of the train.
- When it crosses a platform / bridge - in these cases, the object which the train crosses is stationary - and the distance traveled is the length of the train + length of the object.
- When it crosses another train which is moving at a particular speed in the same / opposite direction - in these cases, the other train is also moving and the relative speed between them is taken depending upon the direction of the other train - and the distance is the sum of the lengths of both the trains.
- When it crosses a car / bicycle / a mobile man - in these cases again the relative speed between the train and the object is taken depending upon the direction of the movement of the other object relative to the train - and the distance traveled is the length of the train.