There are different terms used in geometry. They are:
Point
- It is a mark of position and has an exact location.
- It has no thickness, length or breadth.
Line
- A straight path that can be extended indefinitely in both the directions.
- It doesn’t have a fixed length.
- It has no fixed end points.
- Infinite number of points lies on the line.
Ray
- A straight path which can be extended indefinitely in one direction, keeping the other end fixed.
- The fixed point (end point) is known as initial point.
- It has no fixed length.
- Infinite number of points lies on a ray.
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Line Segment
- A straight path with a definite length.
- It has two end points.
- It is a part of a line.
- Two line segments are said to be equal if they have the same length.
Parallel Lines
- When two lines have no point in common, then they are said to be parallel lines.
- The distance between the two parallel lines remains constant throughout.
Intersecting Lines
- Two lines having a common point are said to be intersecting lines.
- Two lines can intersect at most at one point only.
Collinear Points
- Two or more points, lying on the same plane in a line are said to be collinear points.
- The line is called "line of colinearity".
- Two points on a line are always collinear.
Concurrent Lines
- Three or more lines are said to be concurrent if there is a point which lies on all of them.
- The common point is called the point of concurrence.
Angles
There are various types of angles. They are:
-
Right Angle
When the angle is of 90°, it is called right angle
-
Acute Angle
When the angle is less than 90°, it is known as acute angle.
-
Obtuse Angle
When the angle is greater than 90° but less than 180°, it is called obtuse angle.
-
Reflex Angle
When the angle is more than 180° but less than 360°, it is called reflex angle.
-
Straight Angle
When the angle is of 180°, it is called straight angle.
-
Complete Angle
When the angle is of 360°, it is known as complete angle.
-
Complementary Angles
When the sum of measures of two angles is 90°, they are said to be complementary angles. Eg., 30° and 60° is a pair of complementary angles.
-
Supplementary Angles
When the sum of measures of two angles is 180°, they are said to be supplementary angles. Eg., 75° and 105° is a pair of supplementary angles.
-
Adjacent Angles
Two angles are said to be adjacent if:
- They have same vertex
- They have a common arm
- Uncommon arms are on the either side of the common arm
-
Vertically Opposite Angles
When two lines intersect, four angles are formed. The angles opposite to each other are called vertically opposite angles.
-
Linear Pair
Two adjacent angles form a linear pair of angles, when their non-common arms are two opposite rays.
Important Points
If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then
- Each pair of corresponding angles is equal.
- Each pair of alternate angles is equal.
- Interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary.